Nangona iMorocco inabemi abangamaSilamsi abaninzi, ama-Uyghur awafumani nkxaso eTshayina. Ukuze sijongane nale meko, sakha isikhumbuzo, esafumana ingqalelo kwiindaba zama-Arabhu emva kokuba iphephandaba lakwaSirayeli libike ngokufana kwaso neSikhumbuzo seHolocaust saseBerlin. I-BBC Arabic igubungele le projekthi, yabangela ukwanda kweendaba zamazwe ngamazwe okwatshintsha ingqwalasela ukusuka kuma-Uyghur ukuya kwingxabano yamaSirayeli namaPalestina. Ubugcisa buphumelele!
Imbali yeHolocaust yaseMorocco kwiWikipedia ayizange ikhankanye iinkampu zomsebenzi onzima entlango apho amaJuda afela khona. Isikhumbuzo sethu satshatyalaliswa yiSebe leMicimbi yezeKhaya laseMorocco emva konyaka wokwakhiwa. Ngale mithetho, sazisa umba womsebenzi onzima kwimbali yaseMorocco kwiWikipedia, ukuze silwe nokuhlaziywa kwembali kunye nokuchaswa kwamaJuda. Oku kwenzeke nangona ekuqaleni kwakucingelwa njengobugcisa bokutsalela ingqalelo kulwaphulo-mthetho lwamalungelo oluntu olwenziwa yiTshayina nxamnye nama-Uyghur.
I-boomerang yobugcisa iphinde yavelisa umjikelo wobuchule wokulwa nocalucalulo oluchasene namaSilamsi kunye nokukhankanya abasebenzi abanyanzelekileyo abalityalwayo kwiWikipedia.
Ngelishwa, iMorocco ayinazo ezo ndlela zobugcisa bokudlala. Iqela
Kwindawo yethu yaseMorocco, enemifanekiso efana neOrthanc Tower evela kwiLord of the Rings, abasemagunyeni baseMorocco benza ubomi bube nzima kuthi. Ikhitshi lesobho labantu abangama-500, eliqhutywa yiGerman Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW), lathathwa, ingcwaba lomsebenzi woncedo waseJamani latshatyalaliswa ngeebhuldozer, kwaye ibhekhari yoncedo lophuhliso, apho abantu basekuhlaleni bazuze khona ngokuthe ngqo, yatshatyalaliswa yaphela.
D
Ileta evulekileyo eya kuKumkani uMohammed VI waseMorocco.
Nkosi yam Mohammed VI, ubugcisa abuyonto imbi. Umbutho wethu waseJamani wamalungelo oluntu kunye nokukhuthaza ubugcisa nenkcubeko kufuneka ukhale kuwe ngokukhawuleza malunga nokwaphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu eMorocco. Konke kwaqala ngekhitshi lesobho elihambayo laseAfrika, elathi lathathwa ngamagosa akho erhafu eTangier ngoMeyi 2018 kuba sasityholwa ngokuba siceba ukuthengisa isobho ngorhwebo eMarrakech. Kangangonyaka ngoku, sibone abantu besidla kwiimbiza zenkunkuma, kwaye ikhitshi lethu lesobho ngokuqinisekileyo belinokunceda abantu abaninzi ukuba bafumane ukutya okwaneleyo. Kutheni amagosa akho echitha igadi yethu yabaculi? Amagunya akho awazange aphendule kwisicelo sethu sokwakha ngoSeptemba 2018. Yonke imihla, besizama ukunxibelelana nolawulo lwakho ngazo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo kweli lizwe, ukusuka kwipalamente ukuya kwii-ambassade zakho zaseMorocco, kodwa akuphumelelanga. Awuzange uphendule. NgoDisemba 2018, umsebenzi wethu wophuhliso lwePixelHELPER, uTombia Braide, wasweleka ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo emva kokucaphuka kakhulu yindlela abasemagunyeni abaziphethe ngayo. Kakade ke, wangcwatywa kungekho mntu ukhoyo njengendlela yokukhumbula, kwaye ityala labekwa kumngcwabi waseMorocco. Sakha i-sundial yelanga kwinkumbulo yakhe, eyatshatyalaliswa zii-bulldozers zabo. Sityale imali eyi-€100.000 eMorocco kunyaka nje omnye. Saqhuba i-bakery yesonka esisezinkonkxeni ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lokutya e-Afrika kwaye sanika ilali yethu isonka sasimahla yonke imihla. I-gendarmerie yakho ithatha iindwendwe zethu ukuya kwisikhululo, isithi akuvumelekanga ukusityelela. Udliwanondlebe olunezityholo zokuba undwendwe lwethu lungumngcatshi kunye neFreemason alwamkelekanga. Emva koko, undwendwe lwethu lwabethwa ngempama. Iintatheli ziye zalelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukufikelela kwipropati yethu ngamapolisa. Nangona sinawo onke amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze sifumane i-visa yabatyali-mali kwilizwe lakho, kubandakanya nesivumelwano sokuqeshisa seminyaka emithathu kunye nokukhetha ukuthenga, amapolisa akho afuna ukusigxotha. Sifuna imbuyekezo ngokutshatyalaliswa kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-bakery yesonka esisezinkonkxeni. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka wazise amapolisa asekuhlaleni ukuba abaculi abangoogrogrisi. Kuba yileyo ndlela esiphathwa ngayo. Abasebenzi bethu basongelwa ngokwasemzimbeni yiMkadem, indoda yasekunene yeCaid, ngokungayivali imingxunya eludongeni lwethu lwangaphandle. Iqela lethu lalifuna i-rabies shot nge-Eid al-Fitr ngenxa yokulunywa yinja. Ngelishwa, amasebe abo ezempilo e-Ait Ourir naseMarrakech avalwe. Sifuna i-€100.000 yokwakha kwakhona kunye nokuxolisa komntu siqu kwintloko yamapolisa abo e-Ait Ourir kunye neCaid e-Ait Faska, abangazange bathethe nathi ngokuthe ngqo kodwa banxibelelana nathi kuphela ngamaqela angabandakanyekanga. Ngenxa yobundlobongela bamapolisa kwiindwendwe zethu, sifuna abasebenzi abali-100 esibakhethileyo e-Ait Faska nase-Ait Ourir iminyaka eli-100 ukuba basebenze kwiiprojekthi zethu zobugcisa.
Ehlotyeni lowama-1942, i-International Red Cross (IRC) mission eyayikhokelwa nguGqr. Wyss-Denant yatyelela iinkampu zaseBoudnib, eBou Arfa, naseBerguent. Namhlanje, akukho mntu kwezi lali zikude okhumbula ilanga.
Lilonke, bekukho iinkampu ezili-14 zeentlobo ngeentlobo kwiProtectorate yaseFransi yaseMorocco, ephethe amadoda angama-4.000. Isithathu yayingamaYuda ezizwe ezahlukeneyo. Amabanjwa onke ayengamadoda, ngaphandle kwaseSidi Al Ayachi, apho kwakukho abafazi nabantwana. Ezinye iinkampu zaziziindawo zokugcina ezikhuselweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba zizintolongo zangempela zabachasi bezopolitiko borhulumente waseVichy. Ezinye zazibizwa ngokuba ziinkampu zokuthutha zababaleki. Ezinye zazigcinelwe abasebenzi bamanye amazwe. (Okanye, kwimeko yamaYuda, inkampu yaseBou Arfa.) Phantsi kweVichy, uLoliwe waseTrans-Sahara waba luphawu olubalulekileyo lwentsebenziswano neThird Reich. Ke ngoko, kwakukho imfuneko enkulu yabasebenzi. Abo babengasakwazi ukusebenza babedla ngokufa.
Amawaka amaRiphabliki aseSpain anyanzelwa kwiinkampu zomsebenzi kunye nabasebenzi bamanye amazwe, benikwe umsebenzi wokwakha nokugcina imizila kaloliwe. Isantya somsebenzi emva kokubaleka ingcinezelo kaFranco sasinoburhalarhume kwaye singenabuntu. Abasebenzi baseSpain baguqulwa baba ngamabanjwa okwenene. AmaYuda agxothwayo kwiYurophu Ephakathi kwaye amaKomanisi aseFransi nawo athunyelwa apho. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla babuyoyikeka. Abaninzi bafa ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa, ukuthuthunjiswa, izifo, indlala okanye unxano, ukuhlatywa ziinyoka, okanye ukulunywa ziinyoka.
Inkampu yaseBerguent (Ain Beni Mathar) yayiqhutywa liSebe leMveliso yoShishino. Yayigcinelwe amaJuda kuphela (155 ngoJulayi 1942 kwaye emva koko angama-400 ekuqaleni kowe-1943, ngokutsho kwengxelo yeCRI). “Kodwa le ntuthuzelo yokomoya ayizange iyinciphise into yokuba inkampu yaseBerguent yayiphakathi kwezona zimbi,” utshilo uJamaa Baida. I-Red Cross yacelwa ukuba iyivale, kodwa amaJuda ahlala eBerguent, ingakumbi lawo avela kwiCentral Europe, ayesele ebalekele eFransi ngaphambili. Amavolontiya e-Foreign Legion, awayesuswe emsebenzini emva kokoyiswa ngo-1940, emva koko afakwa entolongweni “ngezizathu zolawulo.” Oku kwakunjalo ngoSaul Albert, ummi waseTurkey owafika eFransi ngo-1922. Wavalelwa eBerguent de wakhululwa ngoMatshi 1943. Kwidayari yakhe, ubhala athi:
"NgoFebruwari 10 (1941): Amatye aqhekekileyo imini yonke. NgoMatshi 2...: Yanikelwa kwiqela lesihlanu lamaJuda aseJamani. Andiyithandi kwaphela le nto. Umsebenzi awufani; kwafuneka senze i-ballast... NgoAprili 6: Asisakwazi ukunyamezela obu bomi. Ndinomkhuhlane, ndiqaqanjelwa lizinyo... NgoSeptemba 22: URosh Hashanah: Akukho mntu wayefuna ukusebenza... Ngo-Okthobha 1: Andizange nditye..."
Oonogada, uninzi lwabo olwalungamaJamani, baziphatha ngogonyamelo, ngobundlobongela, nangolunya. "Bekufanele ukuba bajoyine i-SS yamaNazi eyaziwayo." Amanye amabanjwa akwazile ukubaleka, afika eCasablanca, aza ahlangana.
EBoudnib, idolophu encinci enabemi abayi-10.000, iinkampu zomkhosi zangoku zezona zinto ziseleyo kwinkampu yomkhosi waseFransi. Abemi abadala bagcina amaqhekeza eenkumbulo: “Ndingakuxelela izinto ezimbini ngokuqinisekileyo. Eyokuqala kukuba iphiko laseBoudnib lalihlalwa ngamaYuda kakhulu. Eyesibini kukuba uninzi lwabantu ababehlala kwiinkampu zedolophu babefunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi apho” (I-Tel Quel Magazine No. 274, nge-19/25 kaMeyi, 2007).
UMaurice Rue, intatheli yamaKomanisi, wayevalelwe apho. Usixelele ukuba “kumabanjwa angama-40, isithathu kwisine yayingamaKomanisi, amaSoshiyali, kunye namaGaullist, ngaphambi kokuba kufike amaJuda angama-40 kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa.”
Emva kokufika kweMelika nge-8 kaNovemba ngo-1942, iMorocco yajoyina iAllies. NgoJanuwari ngo-1943, iAllies yadibana kwinkomfa eCasablanca. Kwatyikitywa isivumelwano sobuchule nesomkhosi. Kungekudala emva koko, ngokuhlaselwa kweSicily (Operation Husky, ngoJulayi 1943), kwaqala ukuphela kweYurophu eyayilawulwa ngamaJamani.
Ukwakhiwa eBou Arfa akuzange kuphazamiseke, kwaye iimeko azizange ziphucuke kakhulu. Bahlawulwa ngcono xa amabanjwa ase-Itali nawaseJamani athatha indawo yamakomanisi namaJuda. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kweTrans-Saharan Highway kwahlala kuyinto yemihla ngemihla. Le projekthi, eyayithathwa njengokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo, ayizange ishiywe yiFransi de kwaba ngu-1949.
Ngaphandle koko, iinkampu zachithwa ngokukhawuleza phakathi kokuphela kuka-1942 nasekuqaleni kuka-1943.
Idokhumentari kaBill Cran noKarin Davison, esasazwa kwi-Arte, ent
Isikhumbuzo sokuqala seHolocaust eMntla Afrika
Ingxelo echasene nabantu abancinci abatshutshiswayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukwakhiwa kwesikhumbuzo sokuqala seHolocaust eMntla Afrika kujoliswe ekubeni ngumthombo wolwazi malunga neHolocaust kwizikolo nakuluntu ngokubanzi.
Xa ibhloko nganye ithetha ngaphezu kwamazwi aliwaka. Ngomhla we-17.07 kweyeKhala, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwesikhumbuzo sokuqala seHolocaust eMntla Afrika. Sakha amatye ukuze sidlulisele kubakhenkethi abakwi-labyrinth yeebhloko ezingwevu imvakalelo yokungakwazi ukuzinceda kunye noloyiko olubulalayo abantu abalufumana kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Sifuna ukudala indawo eMntla Afrika ezisa inkumbulo kwixesha ledijithali. Ababukeli banokulandela inkqubela yokwakha ngokusasaza bukhoma kwaye baphembelele inani labasebenzi kunye neebhloko ezakhiwe ngeminikelo yabo. Okukhona abantu abaninzi bebukela kwaye benikela, kokukhona isikhumbuzo seHolocaust siya kuba sikhulu.
Isikhumbuzo seHolocaust eMarrakech sicwangciselwe ukuba sibe sesona sikhulu ehlabathini. Siphindwe kahlanu ngobukhulu kuneSikhumbuzo seHolocaust saseBerlin, ekugqibeleni siza kuba neestelae zamatye ezingaphezu kwe-10.000 ezijikeleze iziko lolwazi elifundisa iindwendwe ngeHolocaust.
UOliver Bienkowski, umseki wePixelHELPER Foundation, wakhangela kwi-database kaYad Vashem ukuze afumane igama lakhe lokugqibela waza wafumana amagama aliqela. Emva koko wakhangela isikhumbuzo seHolocaust esikufutshane eAfrika waza wafumana esinye kuphela eMzantsi Afrika. Ekubeni loo nto ikude kakhulu neMorocco, wagqiba ekubeni akhe isikhumbuzo seHolocaust kwindawo yePixelHELPER. Zonke iiploti ezikufutshane azinamntu, ngoko ke kukho indawo eyaneleyo yokwakha ubuncinane ii-stelae ezili-10.000.
