Nakuba iMorocco inabantu abaningi abangamaSulumane, ama-Uyghur awatholi ukwesekwa eShayina. Ukuze sibhekane nalokhu, sakha isikhumbuzo, esathola ukunakwa kwabezindaba base-Arab kuphela ngemuva kokuba iphephandaba lakwa-Israyeli libike ngokufana kwaso neSikhumbuzo saseBerlin Holocaust. I-BBC Arabic yabika ngalo msebenzi, okwabangela ukwanda kwabezindaba emhlabeni wonke okwashintsha ukugxila kusuka kuma-Uyghur kuya empini yama-Israyeli namaPalestina. Ubuciko buphumelele!
Umlando we-Moroccan Holocaust ku-Wikipedia awukaze ukhulume ngamakamu okuphoqelelwa ehlane lapho amaJuda afela khona. Isikhumbuzo sethu sabhujiswa yi-Moroccan Ministry of the Interior ngemuva konyaka wokwakhiwa. Ngalesi senzo, saletha udaba lokuphoqelelwa emsebenzini emlandweni waseMorocco ku-Wikipedia, ukuze silwe nokubuyekezwa komlando kanye nokucwaswa kwamaJuda. Lokhu kwenzeka yize ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa njengobuciko bokudonsela ukunaka ekwephulweni kwamalungelo abantu okwenziwa yiShayina kuma-Uyghur.
I-boomerang yobuciko iphinde yadlala indima yokudala yokulwa nobandlululo olumelene namaSulumane kanye nokukhuluma ngezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe ezikhohliwe ngaphakathi kwe-Wikipedia.
Ngeshwa, iMorocco ayinazo izinhlobo ezinjalo zobuciko bokusebenza. Ithimba
Esizeni sethu saseMorocco, esinekhophi ye-Orthanc Tower evela ku-Lord of the Rings, iziphathimandla zaseMorocco zenza impilo ibe nzima kithi. Ikhishi lokuphakela abantu abangu-500, eliqhutshwa yi-German Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW), lathathwa, ithuna lesisebenzi sosizo saseJalimane labhujiswa ngama-bulldozer, kanye ne-bakery yosizo lokuthuthukiswa, lapho abantu bendawo bazuza khona ngokuqondile, ladilizwa.
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Incwadi evulekile eya eNkosini uMohammed VI yaseMorocco.
Nkosikazi Mohammed VI, ubuciko abuyona icala. Inhlangano yethu yaseJalimane yamalungelo abantu kanye nokukhuthazwa kobuciko namasiko idinga ukukhononda ngokuphuthumayo kini ngokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okukhulu eMorocco. Konke kwaqala ngekhishi lesobho elihambayo lase-Afrika, elathathwa yizikhulu zakho zamasiko eTangier ngoMeyi 2018 ngoba sasisolwa ngokuhlose ukuthengisa isobho ngokuhweba eMarrakech. Sekuphele unyaka manje, sibone abantu bedla emathini kadoti, futhi ikhishi lethu lesobho ngokuqinisekile ngabe lisize abantu abaningi bathole ukudla okwanele. Kungani izikhulu zakho zidiliza ingadi yethu yabaculi? Iziphathimandla zakho aziphendulanga esicelweni sethu sokwakha ngoSepthemba 2018. Nsuku zonke, sazama ukuxhumana nohulumeni wakho ngazo zonke iziteshi ezitholakalayo ezweni, kusukela ephalamende kuya kumanxusa akho aseMorocco, kodwa akuphumelelanga. Awuzange uphendule. NgoDisemba 2018, isisebenzi sethu sokuthuthukiswa kwePixelHELPER, uTombia Braide, washona ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngemuva kokucasuka kakhulu ngokuziphatha kweziphathimandla. Vele, wangcwatshwa ngaphandle komuntu owayekhona njengendlela yokukhumbula, futhi icala labekwa kumngcwabi waseMorocco. Sakha i-sundial yelanga esikhumbuzweni sakhe, eyabhujiswa yizigaxa zabo zokubhaka. Satshala imali engu-€100.000 eMorocco phakathi nonyaka. Sasiphethe i-bakery yesinkwa esisemathinini ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokudla e-Afrika futhi sanikeza idolobhana lethu isinkwa samahhala nsuku zonke. I-gendarmerie yakho ithatha izivakashi zethu esiteshini, ithi akuvunyelwe ukusivakashela. Ukuphenywa ngezinsolo zokuthi isivakashi sethu sasingumhlubuki kanye ne-Freemason akwamukeleki. Ngemva kwalokho, isivakashi sethu sashaywa ngempama. Izintatheli ziye zenqatshelwa kaningi ukufinyelela impahla yethu ngamaphoyisa. Nakuba sinawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze sithole i-visa yabatshalizimali ezweni lakini, okuhlanganisa nesivumelwano sokuqasha seminyaka emithathu nenketho yokuthenga, amaphoyisa akho afuna ukusixosha. Sifuna isinxephezelo ngokubhujiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-bakery yesinkwa esisemathinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazise amaphoyisa endawo ukuthi abaculi abawona amaphekula. Ngoba yileyo ndlela esiphathwa ngayo. Abasebenzi bethu basongelwa ngokomzimba yi-Mkadem, indoda yesandla sokudla sikaCaid, ngokungavali imigodi ezindongeni zethu zangaphandle. Ithimba lethu lalidinga umjovo we-rabies nge-Eid al-Fitr ngenxa yokulunywa yinja. Ngeshwa, iminyango yabo yezempilo e-Ait Ourir naseMarrakech ivaliwe. Sifuna u-€100.000 wokwakha kabusha kanye nokuxolisa komuntu siqu kumphathi wabo wamaphoyisa e-Ait Ourir kanye ne-Caid e-Ait Faska, abangalokothi bakhulume nathi ngqo kodwa baxhumana nathi kuphela ngabantu abangabandakanyeki. Ngenxa yobudlova bamaphoyisa ezivakashini zethu, sifuna abasebenzi abayi-100 esibakhethayo e-Ait Faska nase-Ait Ourir iminyaka eyi-100 ukuze basebenze kumaphrojekthi ethu obuciko.
Ehlobo lika-1942, umkhankaso we-International Red Cross (IRC) owawuholwa nguDkt. Wyss-Denant wavakashela amakamu aseBoudnib, eBou Arfa, naseBerguent. Namuhla, akekho kulezi zindawo ezikude okhumbula ilanga.
Sekukonke, kwakunamakamu ayi-14 ezinhlobo ezahlukene e-French Protectorate yaseMorocco, ephethe amadoda angu-4.000. Ingxenye yesithathu yayingamaJuda ezizwe ezahlukene. Iziboshwa zonke zazingamadoda, ngaphandle kwaseSidi Al Ayachi, lapho kwakukhona khona abesifazane nezingane. Amanye amakamu ayeyizikhungo zokuboshwa eziqashwe, okusho ukuthi amajele angempela abaphikisi bezombusazwe bombuso waseVichy. Amanye ayebizwa ngokuthi amakamu okuthutha ababaleki. Amanye ayegcinelwe izisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe. (Noma, endabeni yamaJuda, ikamu laseBou Arfa.) Ngaphansi kweVichy, iTrans-Saharan Railway yaba uphawu olubalulekile lokubambisana neThird Reich. Ngakho-ke, kwakunesidingo esikhulu sabasebenzi. Labo ababengasakwazi ukusebenza babevame ukufa.
Izinkulungwane zamaRiphabhulikhi aseSpain zaphoqeleka ukuba zingene emakamu okufukuzwa kuwo kanye nezisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe, zinomsebenzi wokwakha nokulungisa imizila yesitimela. Ijubane lomsebenzi ngemva kokubalekela ukucindezelwa kukaFranco lalinonya futhi lingenabuntu. Izisebenzi zaseSpain zaguqulwa zaba iziboshwa zangempela. AmaJuda axoshwa eYurophu Ephakathi kanye namaKhomanisi aseFrance nawo athunyelwa lapho. Ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwakwesabeka. Abaningi bafa ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, izifo, indlala noma ukoma, ukushaywa ufezela, noma ukulunywa yizinyoka.
Ikamu laseBerguent (Ain Beni Mathar) laliphethwe uMnyango Wezokukhiqiza Izimboni. Laligcinelwe amaJuda kuphela (155 ngoJulayi 1942 bese kuba ngu-400 ekuqaleni kuka-1943, ngokusho kombiko we-CRI). “Kodwa le nduduzo engokomoya ayizange ilinciphise iqiniso lokuthi ikamu laseBerguent laliphakathi kwezimbi kakhulu,” kusho uJamaa Baida. I-Red Cross yacelwa ukuba iyivale, kodwa amaJuda ahlala eBerguent, ikakhulukazi lawo avela eYurophu Ephakathi, ayebalekele eFrance ngaphambilini. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela ze-Foreign Legion, ezaxoshwa emsebenzini ngemva kokunqotshwa kuka-1940, zabe seziboshwa “ngezizathu zokuphatha.” Lokhu kwakunjalo ngoSaul Albert, isakhamuzi saseTurkey esafika eFrance ngo-1922. Waboshwa eBerguent waze wakhululwa ngoMashi 1943. Encwadini yakhe yedayari, uyabhala:
"10 Nhlolanja (1941): Amatshe aphukile usuku lonke. 2 Mashi...: Adluliselwa eqenjini lesihlanu lamaJuda aseJalimane. Angikuthandi lokhu nhlobo. Umsebenzi awufani; kwadingeka senze i-ballast... 6 Ephreli: Asisakwazi ukubekezelela le mpilo. Nginomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bezinyo... 22 Septhemba: Rosh Hashanah: Akekho owayefuna ukusebenza... 1 Okthoba: Angidlanga..."
Onogada, abaningi babo ababengamaJalimane, baziphatha ngonya, ngobudlova, nangonya. "Bekufanele ngabe bajoyine i-Nazi SS edume kabi." Ezinye iziboshwa zakwazi ukubaleka, zafika eCasablanca, zahlangana ndawonye.
EBoudnib, idolobhana elincane elinabantu abayi-10.000, amakamu ezempi amanje ayizinsalela zokugcina ezisele zekamu lempi laseFrance. Izakhamuzi ezindala zigcina izingcezu zenkumbulo: “Ngingakutshela izinto ezimbili ngokuqinisekile. Okokuqala ukuthi iphiko laseBoudnib lalihlalwa kakhulu ngamaJuda. Okwesibili ukuthi iningi labantu ababehlala emakamu edolobheni babefunda esikoleni samabanga aphansi lapho” (Tel Quel Magazine No. 274, Meyi 19/25, 2007).
UMaurice Rue, intatheli yamakhomanisi, waboshwa lapho. Wasitshela ukuthi “eziboshweni ezingu-40, izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zazingamakhomanisi, ama-socialist, nama-Gaullist, ngaphambi kokuba kufike amaJuda angu-40 izinyanga ezimbalwa.”
Ngemva kokufika kweMelika ngoNovemba 8, 1942, iMorocco yajoyina ama-Allies. NgoJanuwari 1943, ama-Allies ahlangana engqungqutheleni eCasablanca. Kwasayinwa isivumelwano samasu nesezempi. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuhlasela iSicily (Operation Husky, Julayi 1943), kwaqala ukuphela kweYurophu eyayihlalwa amaJalimane.
Ukwakhiwa eBou Arfa akuzange kuphazamiseke, futhi izimo azizange zithuthuke kakhulu. Bakhokhelwa kangcono lapho iziboshwa zase-Italy naseJalimane zithatha indawo yamakhomanisi namaJuda. Kodwa-ke, ukwakhiwa koMgwaqo iTrans-Saharan kwahlala kuyinto yansuku zonke. Lo msebenzi, owawubhekwa njengokusetshenziswa kabi kwezinsiza, awuzange ushiywe yiFrance kwaze kwaba ngu-1949.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, amakamu ahlakazwa ngokushesha phakathi kokuphela kuka-1942 nasekuqaleni kuka-1943.
Idokhumentari kaBill Cran noKarin Davison, esakazwa ku-Arte, ent
Isikhumbuzo sokuqala sokuQothulwa Kwesizwe eNyakatho Afrika
Isitatimende ngokumelene nabantu abancane abashushiswa emhlabeni wonke. Ukwakhiwa kwesikhumbuzo sokuqala sokuQothulwa Kwesizwe eNyakatho Afrika kuhloswe ukuba kube umthombo wolwazi mayelana nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe ezikoleni kanye nomphakathi jikelele.
Lapho ibhloko ngayinye ikhuluma kakhulu kunamagama ayinkulungwane. Ngomhlaka-17.07 kuJulayi, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwesikhumbuzo sokuqala seHolocaust eNyakatho Afrika. Sakha amatshe amade ukuze sidlulisele kubavakashi abasendaweni ebanzi yamabhlogo ampunga umuzwa wokungabi namandla nokwesaba okubulalayo abantu ababhekana nakho emakamu okuhlushwa. Sifuna ukudala indawo eNyakatho Afrika eletha inkumbulo esikhathini sedijithali. Ababukeli bangalandela inqubekela phambili yokwakha ngokusakaza bukhoma futhi bathonye inani labasebenzi namabhlogo akhiwe ngeminikelo yabo. Lapho abantu abaningi bebukela futhi benikela, isikhumbuzo seHolocaust sizoba sikhulu.
Isikhumbuzo seHolocaust eMarrakech kuhlelwe ukuthi sibe sikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Njengoba siphindwe kahlanu ngobukhulu kuneSikhumbuzo seHolocaust saseBerlin, ekugcineni sizoba namatshe angaphezu kuka-10.000 azungeze isikhungo solwazi esifundisa izivakashi ngeHolocaust.
U-Oliver Bienkowski, umsunguli we-PixelHELPER Foundation, useshe isibongo sakhe ku-database kaYad Vashem futhi wathola okufakiwe okuningana. Wabe esefuna isikhumbuzo seHolocaust esiseduze e-Afrika futhi wathola esisodwa kuphela eNingizimu Afrika. Njengoba cishe kukude neMorocco, wanquma ukwakha isikhumbuzo seHolocaust endaweni yePixelHELPER. Izindawo eziseduze azinalutho, ngakho-ke kunendawo eyanele yokwakha okungenani amatshe ayi-10.000.
